Shidu families refers to the parents that have lost their only child but are unable or unwilling to bear or adopt another one. This is a special group stemming from carrying out Chino's family planning policy, particularly the one-child policy. Because of the death of the only child. these families are increasingly confronted with material and spiritual difficulties, hence becoming"vunerable". Investigating the situation and claims of those families and related supporting policies has major impliations for enhancing people's sense of gaining and happiness and promoting social harmony and stability. Based on data from a survey of 400 shidu families conducted in Henan Province in 2017, this paper analyses the situation and problems of the families who have lost their only child, and raises polilcy recommandations involving institutional arrangement, social support network and spiritual comfortmechanism.